Essay on Faith and Reason within the Holocaust - 1715 Words

Faith and Reason within the Holocaust One of the greatest horrors of the 20th Century was the extermination of over 6 million Jews and 5 million others during the Holocaust. In the face of this atrocity many have wondered how such a tragedy transcended in a supposed civilized European society. What role did religious institutions play in the prevention or lack of prevention of the horrors inflicted by the Nazis? How did the German government create, within a reasoning public, acceptance and even support for the extermination of a people who previously were considered equals? The inhumanity of the Holocaust was procured with effective use of propaganda on the German people who were willing to support anyone who could return†¦show more content†¦Historically, the hostility against Jews was present in the ancient, medieval, and modern world following World War I. From the crusades to the Age of Enlightenment, hatred for the Jews was common amongst the diversity of European culture. The only action that was unprecedented was the death camps. Adolf Hitler is often seen as responsible for the Holocaust. Many believe that without Hitler, there would not have been a Holocaust. Adolf Hitler was primarily motivated by the lust for power and domination. To acquire this power, he needed to find a way to unite the disparaged people of Germany. He used the historical dislike and mistrust of Jews and blamed the problems of Germany on them. He accused the Jews of wanting to overrun German society and destroy the German state: The Jew, whether consciously or unconsciously, whether he wishes it or not, undermines the platform on which alone a nation can stand.[2] With this preface, the only way for Germany to survive and thrive was to get rid of the Jews. The actual execution of the genocidal plan of Nazi Germany relied on efficiency. In this regard, Heinrich Himmler is identified as the architect of the Holocaust. In his lifeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Night874 Words   |  4 PagesPeriod 1 â€Å"Faith is Lost in the Night† The horrible accounts of the holocaust are vividly captured by Elie Wiesel in Night, an award winning work by a Holocaust survivor. It describes his time in the Holocaust and helps the reader fully understand the pain he went through. In the text, Elie continuously mentions how he is losing his faith to god. It is evident that he has nearly, if not completely lost his faith during the events of the holocaust. In the memoir, Night, Elie Wiesel’s faith changesRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Despicable Time1724 Words   |  7 Pagesin the Holocaust reacted differently; some by rising above with strength and determination while others exiled their faith to the shadows forever. Throughout history, several different reactions have been accounted for but some do not take the time to think of why survivors reacted in the manner that they did. By doing this, many people will gain greater insight on just how devastating the Holocaust was, even though some chose to make light out of dar kness. Therefore, though the Holocaust is a despicableRead MoreThe Holocaust in Night by Ellie Wiesel Essay example553 Words   |  3 PagesThe Holocaust was not only a way for the Nazis to purge the Jews, it was also a movement for a new way of thinking, that as long as the person in front of you holds a military-grade firearm there is nothing you can do to change your fate. In the memoir Night, Elie Wiesel recounts his journey through life in nazi concentration camps. Elie struggles with his faith and morality as he and his father witness the horrors of the Holocaust. Night reveals that it’s in human nature to hope for survival throughRead MoreThe Holocaust Of Auschwitz, Buchenwald, And Treblinka1514 Words   |  7 PagesAuschwitz, Buchenwald, and Treblinka are just a few of the names that evoke nightmares of the Holocaust. The death and suffering at concentration camps like these were greater than any before endured. Elie Wiesel had been one of the most devout Jewish chi ldren prior to the start of the Holocaust. However, the Holocaust created a void in the souls of many of those that survived, one of which was Elie. During his experience in the concentration camps, Elie waited for God to intervene and save his peopleRead More`` Night `` By Elie Wiesel1321 Words   |  6 PagesNobel Laureate warned years ago, to forget a holocaust is to kill twice.† After experiencing the tragedies that occurred during the Holocaust, Eliezer Wiesel narrated â€Å"Night†. Eliezer wrote â€Å"Night† in an attempt to prevent something similar to the Holocaust from happening again, by showing the audience what the consequences are that come from becoming a bystander. Elie illustrated numerous themes by narrating the state of turmoil he was in during the Holocaust. In Night, Eliezer provided insight intoRead MoreThe Holocaust : A Horrible Time Of Our Human History1369 Words   |  6 PagesWhile examining the works of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi it be comes apparent that the holocaust was a horrendous time in our human history. However, although both writers went through similar experiences during this time; both seem to reflect and dwell on things differently such as their point of view and lives in the camps as well as the different themes they focus on. In this analysis the stories of the two authors will be compared and as stated above will also focus on how they recount theirRead MoreConstantines Sword Essay953 Words   |  4 Pagesthe priesthood. He was not in the priesthood long, but he always kept his Catholic faith. With this he decided to write Constantines Sword; The Church and The Jews. James Carroll brings you his personal story of how he learned what it is to suffer, what brought him in and out of priesthood, and how the Catholics and Jew are related pertaining to the events between 1933 and 1945, also known as the Holocaust. James Carroll took two trips to Auschwitz; the concentration camp while writingRead MoreTheme Of Torture In Night By Elie Wiesel724 Words   |  3 Pagesthis was a reality for Elie Wiesel, author of the award winning book Night. The book is a wonderful insight to the events of the holocaust. It is filled with grueling instances of survival, family, and even the inhumanity of man, however another kind of torture that is slightly less obvious is constantly referenced throughout this autobiography, and that is the loss of faith. Although this theme may seem less prevalent, it is in my opinion the most important one in all areas including importance toRead More Loss of Faith and Religion in Ellie Wiesel’s Night Essay1737 Words   |  7 PagesThe Holocaust survivor Abel Herzberg has said, â€Å" There were not six million Jews murdered; there was one murder, six million times.† The Holocaust is one of the most horrific events in the history of mankind, consisting of the genocide of Jews, homosexuals, gypsies, mentally handicapped and many others during World War II. Adolf Hitler was the leader of Nazi Germany, and his army of Nazis and SS troops carried out the terrible proceedings of the Holocaust. Elie Wiesel is a Jewish survivor of theRead More`` Night `` By Elie Wiesel1341 Words   |  6 Pages Robert Shapiro, an American civil litigator once said, â€Å"To me, the Holocaust stands alone as the most horrible human event in modern civilization,† The Holocaust, a genocide led by Adolf Hitler, killed six million jews, and dramatically affected the whole world. The memoir â€Å"Night,† written by Elie Wiesel describes the brutality Wiesel experienced during the Holocaust, and how life changing it was. Although some may believe the memoir written by Elie Wiesel was titled â€Å"Night† because he was forced

Accounting Scandal of Worldcom - 940 Words

MANAGERIAL ACCOUNTING WORLDCOM How did it cook the books? Nguyen Bao Khanh Student ID: FB60162 Class: FB0662 May 19th, 2012 APENDIX 1. WorldCom’s accounting scandal 2. How did WORLDCOM cook its books? 3. Conclusion WORLDCOM headquarter in Virginia, USA. WORLDCOM’S ACCOUNTING SCANDAL WorldCom, established in 1983, whose CEO was Bernard Ebbers, was the second largest long distance phone company in the US after ATT. It could be seen as a pride of America until it got into one of the biggest accounting scandals in the American history which finally led to its bankruptcy in 2002. On July 21st, 2012, WorldCom filed for bankruptcy, which was worth 103.9 billion USD and became the largest filing at its time. Its CEO, Bernard†¦show more content†¦There would be no effect on current net income as increasing in Equipment means increasing in depreciation expense. Instead of being spent in the current year only, the cost is spread over many years. At the moment, you may have the general image of the tactics that WorldCom used to cook their books. WorldCom announced $3.8 billion in improperly booked expenses for 2001 and 2002, and an additional $3.3 billion in accounting errors. Moreover, WorldCom officially filed for bankruptcy when found an accounting fraud with the amount up to $11 billion. So how did it happen? As having mentioned, WorldCom’s CEO Bernard Ebbers was convicted of being guilty for the stock and accounting fraud, so it was obvious that the fraud occur from the management level of the company. WorldCom’s major operating expense was called line costs, which means cost paid to lease other telephone operators’ network, phone lines and so on. In short, just remember that line costs are its main operational expense. In 2000, WorldCom was actually not doing a good business, and they somehow tried to cover the current reality by performing some ‘magic’ with their accounting stuff, and here is the thing: WorldCom was managing to cover the truth behind its business, so according to his indictment, Mr. Scott Sullivan – former CFO – tried to move around the reserves forShow MoreRelatedAccounting Scandals. ENRON, WORLDCOM1894 Words   |  8 Pagesnot the case, a large part of Enron’s profits were made of paper. This was made possible by masterfully designed accounting and morally questionable acts by traders and executives. Deep debt and surfacing information about hiding losses gave the company big problems and in the late 2001 Enron declared bankruptcy under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. The  Enron scandal, revealed in October 2001, eventually led to the  bankruptcy  of the  Enron Corporation, an American  energy  companyRead MoreAssignment # 3 Worldcom Accounting Scandal1486 Words   |  6 PagesAssignment # 3 WorldCom Accounting Fraud By Mark A. Cowan Strayer University ACC 499- Accounting Capstone May 15, 2011 The purpose of this paper is to discuss the aspects of the WorldCom accounting scandal and the effects that this scandal had on the accounting world as we know it. We will discuss the corporate culture at WorldCom and how it contributed to the accounting fraud, how the CEO’s desire to be the #1 stock on Wall Street contributed to the fraud, pressures on accountants to bookRead MoreThe Ethics Case Study Assignment1343 Words   |  6 Pageser Ethics Case Study Assignment 1. Overview Of the Corporation: †¢ WorldCom is a company built on telecommunications in the United States. WorldCom was invented in 1963 and the MCI WorldCom was established in 1998. During the 1990’s, WorldCom was a fast growing company in terms of their telecommunication services. The company started to supply long distance calling in 1983 and was considered the fourth best phone providing business. It was very effective due to the quality and quantity of servicesRead MoreEthics : Ethical And Ethical Considerations1741 Words   |  7 Pagesthe accounting world being ethical deals with morals and embedding trust into a company. For small business investors, creditors and managers being ethical is a simple way of staying out of trouble, and is easier to distinguish between right and wrong. WorldCom was one of the biggest telecommunication company that our world h as seen and also had one of the largest accounting frauds in history. WorldCom was a company that did not stay ethical in their ways of doing business. In accounting, theRead MoreEnron and Worldcom Case Study1225 Words   |  5 PagesEnron and WorldCom Case Study This report is based on the demise of Enron Corporation and WorldCom. Both the firms are demised due to the ethical lapses. These ethical lapses come into existence when managements of the firm, uses unethical practices to accomplish the goals of the firm. Maintaining financial and accounting standards in the business practices are necessary. The profession of accounting has become a mockery due to the accounting scandals that took place all over the world in theRead MoreCorporate Scandal : Enron Scandal1197 Words   |  5 PagesMost corporate scandals are a result of employers and/or employees being so focused on the short-term financial gain that they are willing to jeopardize the reputation of themselves and their company. One of the most well-known cases of corporate scandal is Enron. However, numerous cases of scandal and fraud occur throughout the years and some have been even bigger than the Enron scandal such as the WorldCom scandal. On the evening of July 21, 2002, WorldCom (now known as MCI, Inc.) filed the largestRead MoreWhy Do Big Companies Take So Much From Each Other?1330 Words   |  6 Pagessubsidiary of Verizon Communications. In the article World-Class Scandal At WorldCom by David Hancock he discusses how â€Å"The corporation was formed as a result of the fusion of WorldCom and MCI Communications corporations, and used the name MCI WorldCom for a while and was succeeded by the WorldCom Company, before changing its name on April 12, 2003, as part of the corporation s ending of their bankruptcy status.† WorldCom Inc. began as a small Mississippi telephone service provider ofRead MoreDo Big Companies Take So Much From Each Other?1328 Words   |  6 Pages a subsidiary of Verizon Communications. In the article World-Class Scandal At WorldCom by David Hancock he discusses how â€Å"The corporation was formed as a result of the fusion of WorldCom and MCI Communications corporations, and used the name MCI WorldCom for a while and was succeeded by the WorldCom Company, before changing its name on April 12, 2003, as part of the corporation s ending of their bankruptcy status.† WorldCom Inc. began as a small Mississippi telephone service provider of long distanceRead MoreBernard Ebbers And The Grand Success Of Worldcom1608 Words   |  7 Pagesco-founder of WorldCom. WorldCom was the second largest long distance phone company in the United States now known as MCI, because of the tremendous scandal that led to the company’s bankruptcy (Crawford, 2005). With the grand success of WorldCom, Bernard Ebbers became one of the most powerful American businessman ever to face a criminal trial. In 2005, Ebbers was found guilty of securities fraud, conspiracy, and filing false documents with regulators. With the fraud committed to WorldCom, it led toRead More WorldCom and The Mississippi Scheme Scandals Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesWorldCom and The Mississippi Scheme are both large financial scandals that have occurred. WorldCom was a telecommunication company that overstated their cash flow by reporting $7.6 billion in operating expenses as capital expenses. WorldCom is the largest accounting scandal in US history as of March 2002. The Mississippi Scheme was a business scheme that destroyed the economy of France during the 1700’s. The scheme involved the loss of paper money’s purchasing power as a result of asset inflation

Production Plan for Riordan Manufacturing Free Essays

Production Plan for Riordan Manufacturing The intended principle of this study is to submit suggestions for a new process design and the supply chain at Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. The reformation will utilize the theory of Lean Production in the application of the electric fans manufacturing. The research uses Riordan Manufacturing, Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Production Plan for Riordan Manufacturing or any similar topic only for you Order Now intranet information. This paper will present a complete production plan for two of the Riordan Manufacturing Inc. locations: Hangzhou, China and Pontiac, MI. Riordan’s plant in Hangzhou, China specializes in the plastic fan blades and fan housings, and the Pontiac, Michigan location provides the customized look and design of the fans. The research of Riordan’s China plant exposed obstacles to the effectiveness of process design and supply chain. By making cuts in their inventory costs, improving outsourcing and their supply chain should benefit Riordan. The purpose of the modified process design and supply chain will help reduce the design and delivery time by subcontracting its limited activities to a third party. The relocation of Hangzhou’s plant operations to Shanghai will minimize shipping costs and reduce stocking of the inventory. The application of the Theory of Constraints will modify the process into a strategic plan. The proper implementation of the Lean Production Current Production Process The Hangzhou, China plant uses a make-to-order fabrication process selection strategy when manufacturing the electric fans. Currently the plant makes fans utilizing a batch production process to allow the fans to be made specifically to the consumer’s needs. Useful reports about the industry propose that Riordan Manufacturing should move to a more aggressive process design system to meet the anticipated increased demand and to gain more market share. Safety stock will support a just-in-time (JIT) delivery process to reduce delays that are external to the business such as concerns with work stoppages and working conditions as global plants can experience. The new process design system would include maintaining electric fan capacity reflective of competitor sales performance, and based on the product demand throughout Asia and Europe. The process flow structure would be changed to an assembly line infrastructure to support increased operations and sales. An assembly model would also encompass customer specific orders in addition to safety stock and current inventory requirements. New Supply Chain Design Because the polymer material is more abundant, obtained locally, and has no availability or delivery issues, the China plant will shift the contents of its inventory to house more fan motors. Riordan will adopt a pull system to only purchase the polymer required for the daily requirements of fans and housings, which will provide additional storage space for more critical inventory. Possessing a safety stock of electric motors will prevent a slowdown in Riordan’s manufacturing process, eliminating one of the main bottlenecks in the value stream. To achieve this efficiency, Riordan will periodically place orders with a second motor supplier so that Riordan can begin a new two-bin system. In a two-bin system, items are used from one bin, and the second bin provides an amount large enough to ensure that the stock can be replenished,† (Chase et al. , 2006, p. 609). The first bin will contain electric motors for production orders to satisfy customer requirements, the second will be appropriated a safety stock that will provide the ability for consistent production runs. New Custom Orders Process To facilitate custom manufacturing of fans, Hangzhou will offload this portion of their business to the Riordan plant in Michigan (MI). This move will take advantage of the mass customization capabilities at the MI plant. Mass customization is highly effective when differentiating a product for specific customer requirements until the latest point in the supply chain (Chase et al. , 2006). The MI plant is capable of customizing the fan design, the color of the finished part, and the new fan blade dies required per customer specifications. This move from Hangzhou to MI allows customization without disrupting the flow of material and allowing customers in North America to customize their products. The custom designs will incorporate standard fastening details, which are common to Riordan fans. Standardized parts would save the company money through volume discounts and would eliminate waste from excess inventory of different fasteners. Once the customer decides to purchase a significant quantity of fans, Hangzhou will start the production process in China where polymer is more abundant and labor is less expensive. New Logistics Process Although Riordan has used a few different companies for its shipping needs, the company will benefit by taking a different approach, which will increase operational efficiency and competitive advantage. Certainly one area of concern is the less than optimal on-time delivery performance average of 93%, which affects negatively on the Riordan brand and customer satisfaction. Riordan will outsource its logistical requirements to the most qualified marketing partners. Outsourcing is the act of moving some of a firm’s internal activities and decision responsibilities to outside providers. † Riordan will maintain its core competencies in-house, including the intellectual property of manufacturing high performance fans and outsource other logistical â€Å"non-proprietary† standardized processes. Riordan will use logistic design concepts to ensure that fan materials, engineering, and design produce a product that meets desirable package sizes and weights (Chase, Jacobs, A quilano, 2006). This design approach will ensure that regardless of the transportation mode selected (trucking, rail, water, or air), the customer will benefit from reduced shipping charges. In addition, Riordan will explore the best type of robust packaging that will produce damage free transport of the product to the customer. (Chase, Jacobs, Aquilano, 2006). Ultimately, by outsourcing logistical efforts to well established technology driven-partners, Riordan’s can provide additional value to the customer. Logistics companies now have complex computer tracking technology that reduces the risk in transportation and allows the logistics company to add more value to the firm that it could if the function were performed in-house† (Chase, Jacobs, Aquilano, 2006, p. 414). Conclusion (Danielle Garcia 200 words) Compile and run through plagiarism (Danielle Garcia) References Chase, R. B. , Jacobs, F. R. , Aquilano, N. J. (2006). Operations Management for Competitive Advantage (11th ed). New York, McGraw Hill/Irwin. How to cite Production Plan for Riordan Manufacturing, Essay examples

Description Of The Proposed project Of HIA †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Description Of The Proposed project Of HIA. Answer: Introduction The HIA project will provide a description of the proposed project. It will identify the significant health impacts of the proposed project by comparing the existing situation with the situation before the development is being carried out. It will also give an idea about the stakeholders that will be involved in the process, the decision making planning along with possible sets of recommendations. The report also provides the checklists used for the screening followed by evaluation of the procedures. Project Description Tobacco consumption is the most leading cause of death and diseases in Australia, hence reducing the consumption of tobacco and exposure to second hand smoke is a sole priority for the government (Lecours et al. 2012). In account to this, the standing commitee of the Australian government has proposed the National tobacco strategy 2012- 2018, to reduce any tobacco related harm in the environment (Nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au, 2018). This project mainly focuses on raising awareness among the people regarding the ill effects of tobacco consumption, establishment of the measures or limiting the interactions with the tobacco industry and ensuring the transparency of very interactions with the government, avoidance of any conflict of interests among the government officials and the employees. This HIA project will assess the credibility of the measures taken up in this strategy. Preliminary plan for the methods and procedures The plan for the scoping of an HIA can be stated as follows: Determining the appropriate level of the HIA to be conducted. Establishing the HIA team Identifying the impacts of the activity and the health related outcomes. Creating an HIA work plan Screening A justification for the level of HIA to be conducted The different levels of the HIA that would be conducted are the Intermediate HIA that will be able to review the evidences available regarding any other HIA related to this topic. It will involve the involvement of the different stakeholders and the time frame would be about 3-6 months. The scoping report will assess the strategies that have been taken up for reducing the tobacco consumption. The scoping will confirm all the taken strategies, identify and confirm the preferred activities and the alternative technologies. The HIA assessment will be able to identify the key issues identified in the impact assessment phase. The HIA assessment will be able to assess the whether the involvement of the mass media are actually being able to provide messages to the youths vulnerable to smoking. Stakeholders involved The stakeholders would be the any proponent or competent authority, the HIA administering body. The HIA administering body will be able to oversee and establish the procedural requirement for the scoping. Other stakeholders involve the HIA practitioners and the experts who may directly work for the agencies that are involved or as consultants. Other important stakeholders would be the public, who are affected by the proposal. By involving the masses, scoping assists in building the confidence in the HIA process. Preliminary plan for the decision making and recommendation Decision making Crosschecking the policy strategies with the probable feed backs of the public and the outcomes Tallying the outcomes with the baseline data Identifying the crucial portion of the policies that have actually not been addressed but was mentioned officially To recommend the possible measures to fill up the gap left in the National tobacco strategy. Some of the important factors have to be considered while making the decision making process. It is necessary to access the prevalence of the secondary school smokers with the previous years data. Furthermore it is necessary to keep an overview of the smoking prevalence in the states and the territories and the changes in the daily smoking status of the Australians. Recommendations According to the reports the Australian smoking rates had fallen to a considerable level both in the aboriginal population of Australia and the non-indigenous population during the period 1995 to 2014-15 (Abs.gov.au, 2018). In spite of the National Tobacco strategy, the estimated annual decrease has not significantly changed for the last few years. Furthermore the smoking rates among the teenagers have also increased (Banks et al. 2015). In order to bring about a considerable change in the smoking rates, emphasis should be put certain steps:- Imposing strict penalties of purchasing or selling of the cigarettes below the age of 18. Strict vigilance on the college campuses and high school. More media involvement of media in creating the awareness among the public (Bero 2003). Ban on tobacco advertising (World Health Organization, 2013) High amount of tobacco taxes (Chaloupka et al. 2012) Creating more awareness campaigns regarding the ill effects of tobacco. Preliminary plan for the evaluation, monitoring and follow up steps of the HIA-200 A scoping process that is custom tailored will include a profile of the community or the environment that is likely to be affected. The following things have to be addressed:- The geographical area and the time frame The institutional framework or the policy under which the HIA will be conducted Allocation of the resources and the responsibilities. Existing sources of information, constraints on the methodology. Modification of the design and the selection of the alternatives. Description of the screening tools used Screening of HIA involved the following steps:- Forming a core planning team Identifying the organizational capacity and context Reviewing the health determinants and the health impacts. The screening checklist may be used for assessing the HIA proposal. Health determinant Negative impacts Positive impacts Affected population Individual health behaviors Community factors Livelihood factors The following questions can be evaluated after the screening has been completed:- Has the National tobacco strategy been useful in reducing the public consumption of the tobacco? Could the strategy reduce the amount of exposure to the tobacco smoking? Has the policy helped some of the smokers to quit? Could the policy induce smoke place workplaces and other public places? Conclusion The National Tobacco strategy has been successful to some extent as the rates of tobacco consumption have decreased over the years. Yet there are many gaps left to be filled. It is necessary to decrease the prevalence of the smoking rates among the high school students and the Torrent Strait Islanders. In order to adopt more stringent governmental laws against the tobacco purchase and trade. The HIA assessment further helps to understand that there should be more awareness campaign supported by the media to educate the vulnerable group about the ill effects of Tobacco. References Abs.gov.au. (2018).4737.0 - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples: Smoking Trends, Australia, 1994 to 2014-15. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@.nsf/Lookup/by%20Subject/4737.0~1994%20to%202014-15~Main%20Features~Smoking%20Prevalence~10 [Accessed 3 Feb. 2018]. Banks, E., Joshy, G., Weber, M.F., Liu, B., Grenfell, R., Egger, S., Paige, E., Lopez, A.D., Sitas, F. and Beral, V., 2015. Tobacco smoking and all-cause mortality in a large Australian cohort study: findings from a mature epidemic with current low smoking prevalence.BMC medicine,13(1), p.38. Bero, L., 2003. Implications of the tobacco industry documents for public health and policy.Annual review of public health,24(1), pp.267-288. Chaloupka, F.J., Yurekli, A. and Fong, G.T., 2012. Tobacco taxes as a tobacco control strategy.Tobacco control,21(2), pp.172-180. Hemphill, S.A., Heerde, J.A., Herrenkohl, T.I., Toumbourou, J.W. and Catalano, R.F., 2012. The impact of school suspension on student tobacco use: a longitudinal study in Victoria, Australia, and Washington State, United States.Health Education Behavior,39(1), pp.45-56. Lecours, N., Almeida, G.E., Abdallah, J.M. and Novotny, T.E., 2012. Environmental health impacts of tobacco farming: a review of the literature.Tobacco control,21(2), pp.191-196. Nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au. (2018).National Drug Strategy - National Tobacco Strategy 2012-2018. [online] Available at: https://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrategy/publishing.nsf/Content/national_ts_2012_2018_html [Accessed 3 Feb. 2018]. World Health Organization, 2013.WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013: enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. World Health Organization.